In the survival and growth process of fish, light, as an important and indispensable ecological factor, plays an extremely important role in their physiological and behavioral processes. The light environment is composed of three elements: spectrum, photoperiod, and light intensity, which play an important regulatory role in the growth, metabolism, and immunity of fish.

With the development of industrial aquaculture models, the demand for light environment is becoming increasingly refined. For different biological species and growth stages, scientifically setting a reasonable light environment is crucial for promoting their growth. In the field of aquaculture, due to the varying sensitivity and preference of different aquatic species to light, it is necessary to make appropriate lighting settings based on their light environment needs. For example, some aquatic animals are more suitable for the spectrum of red or blue light, and the different light environments in which they inhabit can affect their visual system sensitivity and preference for light. Different growth stages also have different needs for light.

Currently, the most commonly used aquaculture methods include pond aquaculture, cage aquaculture, and factory farming. Pond farming and cage farming often use natural light sources, making it difficult to control the light source. However, in factory farming, traditional fluorescent lamps or fluorescent lamps are still commonly used. These traditional light sources consume a lot of electricity and are prone to the problem of short bulb lifespan. In addition, harmful substances such as mercury released after disposal can cause significant environmental pollution, which urgently needs to be addressed.

Therefore, in factory aquaculture, selecting appropriate LED artificial light sources and setting precise spectral light intensity and light period based on different aquatic species and growth stages will be the focus of future aquaculture research to improve production efficiency and economic benefits of aquaculture, while reducing environmental pollution and achieving green and sustainable development.